NMN / NR (NAD+ Precursors)
en-em-en / en-ar
Category
Compound type
Phase / Status
Active research and commonly marketed as a dietary supplement; not FDA approved as a drug for anti-aging or disease prevention.
Standard Dose
Once daily (morning)
Half-life
Plasma elimination
Route(s)
Oral
Research Stage
Research phase not specified; exercise appropriate caution.
Overview
NAD+ is involved in many cellular processes, including energy production and DNA repair. NMN and NR are precursors that may raise NAD+ levels, and early studies have evaluated effects on metabolism and wellness markers.
Plain-language summary
NAD+ is involved in many cellular processes, including energy production and DNA repair. NMN and NR are precursors that may raise NAD+ levels, and early studies have evaluated effects on metabolism and wellness markers.
Administration Routes
- Oral
Also known as
Mechanisms
NAD+ precursor: NMN and NR are converted into NAD+ through salvage and related pathways. NAD+ availability influences NAD-dependent enzymes such as sirtuins (SIRT1-7) and PARPs.
Detailed mechanism
NMN/NR provide NAD+ precursors that can be converted via salvage pathways, influencing NAD-dependent enzymes involved in metabolism and DNA repair.
Safety
Side effects
- Generally well tolerated in reported studies
- Possible mild gastrointestinal discomfort at higher doses
- Headache occasionally
Reported benefits
- May increase NAD+ related biomarkers
- Potential effects on metabolic and cellular maintenance pathways
- Research continues to clarify efficacy for long-term outcomes
Safety profile
Safety depends on dose and population; monitor for side effects and consult a clinician if you have medical conditions.
Clinical trials
Phase 1–2 studies explore safety and potential metabolic effects.
Structure
Verified structure
NMN / NR (NAD+ Precursors)
Exact 2D structure can be rendered from a PubChem-backed canonical SMILES string.
- Chemical Formula
- C11H15N2O8P (NMN)
- Molecular Weight
- 334.22 g/mol (NMN)
- CAS Number
- 1094-61-7
- InChIKey
- DAYLJWODMCOQEW-TURQNECASA-N
Stack Context
Stacks with
Comparison context
NMN and NR are distinct NAD+ precursors; they may raise NAD+ through related pathways. Other compounds (e.g., resveratrol) can affect sirtuin activity via different mechanisms.
References
- 1View source
Safety and metabolism of NMN in healthy adults
2021
- 2View source
NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes (Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
2020
- 3View source
Nicotinamide riboside and human metabolism (Nature Communications)
2016
This profile summarizes research literature for education only. It is not medical advice, and it does not diagnose, treat, or recommend a dose. Consult a qualified professional before changing a protocol.